America’s wind and solar industries are stuck in limbo, waiting anxiously to hear if Congress will extend a pair of key subsidies. But Washington, which is emptying out for the holidays, is almost certain not to ease their worries soon.

The solar industry is fighting to renew the 1603 Treasury grant program, a popular incentive that gives renewable energy developers cash payments worth up to 30 percent of their project costs in lieu of future tax credits. The program is particularly attractive to smaller solar startups and companies that struggled during the recession to raise cash for their capital-intensive projects. The subsidy is slated to sunset at the end of the year.

At the same time, the wind industry is scrambling to extend a production tax credit (PTC), which it says is crucial for wind power to compete with coal. The tax credit pays wind farm owners a considerable 2.2 cents for every kilowatt-hour of energy it produces during the first decade of operation. 

Both have lapsed before—the PTC three times since it was introduced in 1999. The three-year-old 1603 grant nearly expired last year before Congress approved a one-year extension in a larger tax deal. Each time the PTC ended, wind installations dropped by at least 70 percent compared with the previous year, sparking job losses, according to industry estimates.

This time the cuts would put even more jobs at risk, advocates for both the wind and solar industries say. As subsidies keep bringing more solar and wind projects online, a workforce of manufacturers, engineers and construction workers is emerging to match demand.

There are options for keeping the subsidies alive, though none seem likely to pass the Republican-controlled Congress, which has been critical of Pres. Obama’s efforts to bolster the clean energy economy. On Friday, Senate Democrats said they were still trying to fold the 1603 grant, the PTC and a cleantech manufacturing tax break into a catch-all bill to extend the payroll tax cut for workers that expires on Dec. 31, Bloomberg reported.

(Editor’s Note, 12/17/2011: The compromise payroll tax deal reached by the 112th Congress on Friday night and approved by the Senate on Saturday did not include measures to extend the 1603 Treasury grant program or the production tax credit.)

Bleak prospects didn’t stop lobbyists from making last-ditch appeals to lawmakers and the public this week.

A report released Monday by the American Wind Energy Association and Navigant Consulting, a global consultancy, said without the PTC, investments in wind power would fall from $15.6 billion in 2012 to $5.5 billion in 2013. Jobs across the U.S. wind supply chain would drop from 78,000 to 41,000 over that same period.

(The PTC doesn’t expire until Dec. 31, 2012. But to qualify for the subsidy, new wind farms would have to be up and running before the 2012 cutoff—an unlikely prospect. Even if projects broke ground today, the permitting, siting and construction processes would take more than a year, the New York Times reported.)

Also this week, a report  by the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA) and Boston-based GTM Research said 450 megawatts of solar rooftop installations were added in the third quarter this year—a record 140 percent jump over last year. The boom was largely due to the 1603 program, solar backers said.

“If this program is allowed to expire, projects will stop on Jan. 1,” Rhone Resch, president and CEO of SEIA, told reporters on a Wednesday conference call, adding that many new jobs are on the line. Resch cited an October report that found a one-year extension of the cash grant would create an additional 37,000 solar jobs in 2012, a 40 percent addition to the current solar workforce.

But not everyone is buying those claims.

Robert Lahey of Ardour Capital, an investment bank, told Renewable Energy World that rising demand for solar projects would be sufficient to lift the market, suggesting the industry may even be better off without it. “While the [1603 grant] structure was friendly to the business community, the uncertainty and short period was not,” he said.

NRG Energy Pulls Plug on America’s First Offshore Wind Project

In the fledgling U.S. offshore wind industry optimism is waning fast.

On Monday, the New Jersey-based utility NRG Energy said its subsidiary NRG Bluewater Wind would indefinitely delay plans to build a $1 billion, 450-megawatt project off the coast of Delaware. The project was expected to be the nation’s first offshore wind park.

That wasn’t all. On Tuesday, NRG Energy said it would dump its proposal to build a second project off New Jersey and would sell off its wind business altogether.

The company blamed the lack of government subsidies and years of federal permitting snags. “We just couldn’t in good conscience continue to invest more money and more time when we didn’t really have assurance that we could move the Delaware project forward within a reasonable time frame,” said David Gaier, a spokesperson, in a Bloomberg article. An uncertain permitting process in Washington has left offshore wind projects in regulatory limbo for as much as a decade.

Peter Mandelstam, founder president of NRG Bluewater Wind, told InsideClimate News last month that the Delaware project was “not financeable” without a government kickstart.

He and others were counting on Washington. But this summer funding for offshore wind projects was cut from DOE’s loan guarantee program, the highly scrutinized initiative that funded the failed solar firm Solyndra.

The Delaware project had been waiting in line to receive an unspecified amount of loans. But to get the funds, projects had to start construction by Sept. 30, 2011. And since the loan program wasn’t being renewed, the DOE chose to back applicants with “the strongest chance of completing all necessary steps” on time, wrote Jonathan Silver, the former head of DOE’s Loan Programs Office.

Without that money, the Delaware wind park became increasingly less viable, NRG Energy said in a Dec. 12 press release.

The industry also tried to get Congress to extend the PTC, as well as an investment tax credit (ITC), which gives developers up to 30 percent off their project costs if construction starts by 2012. No project is expected to get going by then, so a bipartisan bill was introduced in both chambers to scrap the ITC’s expiration date and instead offer the subsidy to America’s first 3,000 megawatts of floating wind farms.

Developers were optimistic last month that the bills would pass, according to interviews with InsideClimate News. No longer. NRG Energy said this week it believes Congress won’t salvage any tax breaks for wind or reinstate the loan guarantees.

Offshore Wind Wire, an industry news publication, predicted that other offshore wind projects in the works could find themselves in a similar bind “with financing difficult to complete given the uncertainty” in Washington over offshore wind. Projects are still planned for the coasts of New Jersey, Massachusetts, Rhode Island. Developers are also eyeing the Maryland coast.

Marylanders for Offshore Wind, a nonprofit group, said this week the end of the Delaware project “does not, in our view, signal long-term difficulties for the East Coast offshore wind industry, generally,” the Washington Post reported.

Goals for Electric Cars Still a Long Way Off, Analysts Say

The Obama administration has confirmed it is pushing ahead with its goal to put 1 million electric cars on America’s roads by 2015. But analysts tracking the global E.V. industry said recently they don’t believe the U.S. can get there in time.

LMC Automotive, a global automotive forecasting firm, expects combined deliveries of plug-in hybrids and all-electric cars to total  750,000 through 2015, Bloomberg reported.

U.S. deliveries of Nissan’s electric Leaf—which total about 8,700—have declined three months in a row, even as overall auto sales have accelerated nationwide. General Motors said earlier this month that its gas-electric Chevy Volt would fall 3,800 vehicles shy of its 2011 sales target for 10,000 cars.

So far, Americans have purchased 16,500 “highway-worthy” electric cars since they first became available several years ago.

Globally, the E.V. market is on a similarly slow track. A Morgan Stanley analyst last week said that electric cars may only make up 4.5 percent of the global auto market in 2025, down from his earlier estimate of 8.6 percent.

Not helping matters is the ongoing federal investigation into the Volt. GM insists that a coolant leak in the plug-in hybrid’s battery caused three of the cars to catch on fire following crash tests earlier this year. But the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), which is studying the cars, is skeptical of that explanation, the Wall Street Journal reported. And the longer the agency continues its probe, the more likely consumers are to hold off on buying Volts.

“If there’s an issue with the [Volt’s] battery, it’s going to make it difficult to sell,” a New York-based Chevy dealer told the newspaper.

In Europe, GM’s Opel unit says it will hold off on selling hundreds of its Ampera, Europe’s version of the Volt, until the NHTSA investigation reaches a resolution. The cars will wait in dealerships in France, Germany, Switzerland, Belgium and the Netherlands in the meantime, the New York Times reported.